He did, of course, exit in Italy (near today’s Torino), but he had brought all his elephants with him. Then they died. He got one more reinforcement from Carthage in his time Italy, but that was it.

I have to update this old post. It looks more and more wrong. I don’t know why Google keeps sending people here.

Anyway, I do intend to update the post. Do you happen to have the link to that new research that recently came out about the extinct forest species?

The elephants employed by the Carthaginians were primarily of the smaller African species then present in North Africa, though the ‘Syrian’ and perhaps a few others were Indian, sourced somehow from / via the Greek Kingdoms of the eastern Med. / Middle East.

Hannibal had 37 or 38 elephants with him on his campaign trail from North Africa through Spain, Mediterranean Gaul and the Alps. Only one survived the first battle at Trebia (the Syrian), the others succumbing to the cold.

The elephants at Zama seem to have been ‘recruited’ and rushed into service without being properly trained and may not have carried ‘howdah’ or fighting towers as shown. They were deployed not to the flanks of the infantry lines as was the usual prcatice with trained elephants, but placed in front of the infantry battle line.

I think’s that nor from India or africa, might i could adding Persia and thailand. on Thailand that’s we can look until now, so popular with their elephant tradition. love to read your post. Sorry if you could’nt catch what i writted…

greetings.